TY  - JOUR
T1  - Emerging Infertility Biothreat and Gynecological Pandemic Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Molecular Biogenesis with Emphasis on Treatment
A1  - Mariyam Luba Abdulla
A1  - Aishath Nur Shathir
A1  - Shamila Anwaru
A1  - Aminath Shiba Ahmed
A1  - Fathimath Izha Ismail
A1  - Ahmed Shabin
A1  - Mohamed Azhadh Ali
A1  - Kannan Subbaram
A1  - Zeba Un Naher
A1  - Razana Faiz
A1  - Aminath Huda
A1  - Punya Laxmi Manandhar
A1  - Sheeza Ali
JF  - Pharmacophore
JO  - Pharmacophore
SN  - 2229-5402
Y1  - 2024
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
DO  - 10.51847/SMn018B4Hw
SP  - 7
EP  - 15
N2  - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrinopathy characterized by oligo or anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology. While women in both developed and developing nations are affected, it is also the leading cause of ovulatory infertility among women of reproductive age. This article discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and particular emphasis to its treatment. Global prevalence of PCOS ranges from 4 to 21% whereas it is between 9.1 and 36% among adolescents. Clinical presentation of PCOS can be mainly attributed to hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. Symptoms of hyperandrogenism include hirsutism, acne, and/or male pattern alopecia. Chronic anovulation proceeds with features such as oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and/or infertility. Even though a specific gene responsible is not found yet, it's clear that women with PCOS have two major genetic alterations involving androgen synthesis, insulin action, and also an increased incidence of other genetic alterations. Family history, obesity, and an unhealthy diet are found to be significant risk factors for the development of PCOS. The fundamental pathological changes in PCOS include hyperandrogenism, abnormality of gonadotropin secretion, and insulin resistance.  It has been noted that genes, HAS2 & CBLN1 that are associated with ovulation are expressed less in granulosa cells of PCOS patients. These cells also show significantly differentially expressed genes for transcription factors and secretory proteins in addition to having increased Toll- & NOD-like receptors. Presently, there is no universal treatment for PCOS.
UR  - https://pharmacophorejournal.com/article/emerging-infertility-biothreat-and-gynecological-pandemic-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos-molecula-clmlcipkcsknp7r
ER  -