In dentistry, it is well known that the occlusal surface, which contains grooves and dimples, on the posterior surface of the tooth, is the most likely area where cavities may initially form. The aim of this prospective study is to better understand dental longevity, and the process of tooth decay and to develop more effective treatment protocols for use by dentists to better treat their patients. Historically, in Romania, there has been a reduced impetus to fully and accurately assess the overall health of a patient’s teeth. However, nowadays, new studies and methodologies are needed to help better quantify tooth decay. Moreover, a radiological examination was performed on each patient involved in this prospective study, as well as follow-up radiological examinations, when required, based on the treatment administered. In summary, this prospective study into dental longevity, tooth decay, and the development of better treatment protocols is the first attempt of its kind, in Romania, to analyze the effects of tooth decay on the general population.