The esophagus is a muscular membranous organ that participates in the swallowing process by passing solid and liquid substrates from the pharynx into the stomach. The embryonic endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells participate in the development of the esophagus. The pathology of the esophagus is very varied and surgical correction techniques require numerous improvements and refinements. The most common condition is Barret's esophagus due to gastroesophageal reflux, but strictures can also occur either from neoplastic causes or from chemical burns. Studying the anatomy and physiology of the esophagus is essential for both internal medicine and surgical approaches. The treatment of esophageal strictures in recent times is done with esophageal stents. These are made of a variety of materials including metal, polymer, or biodegradable. Clinical results are very good but complications are quite common. The first attempt at stenting was made in the mid-19th century using an ivory tube. In the case of ingestion of caustic substances dilation and stenting have very good results. Immediate and late complications are multiple and can range from pain to failure of the stent to expand completely.