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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pharmacophore</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmacophorejournal.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmacophore</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Pharmacophore</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2229-5402</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">pharmacophorejournal.com-6845</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/CDuGR6SWTD</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predicting Controlled-Release Tablet Dissolution Using Polymer Grade, Drug Solubility, and Compression Parameters</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Fischer</surname>
                <given-names>Daniel</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Meier</surname>
                <given-names>Laura</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Braun</surname>
                <given-names>Thomas</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Koch</surname>
                <given-names>Stefan</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Roth</surname>
                <given-names>Felix</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>Department of Computational Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff2">
            <label>2</label>Department of AI Drug Discovery Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                              E-mail: <email xlink:href="daniel.fischer@outlook.com">daniel.fischer@outlook.com</email>
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>16</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>10</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Pharmacophore
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Controlled-release matrix tablets require careful balancing of polymer characteristics, drug solubility, and compression conditions to achieve a desired dissolution profile. Because these factors influence drug release through swelling, diffusion, erosion, and changes in tablet porosity, formulation development often relies on repeated experimental trials and design-of-experiments approaches. This can be time-consuming when several material and process variables interact within a large formulation space. This manuscript presents a predictive modelling approach for estimating the complete dissolution profile of controlled-release tablets using key formulation and manufacturing inputs. The proposed framework uses polymer molecular weight and viscosity, drug solubility in aqueous and buffered media, compression pressure, dwell time, and tablet porosity as model features. A gradient-boosted multi-output regression model is conceptually applied to predict percent drug released at multiple time points, with the predicted profile optionally linked to a kinetic model such as the Weibull function.
Rather than estimating only a single dissolution endpoint, the model is designed to forecast the entire release curve and provide insight into the variables that influence early, intermediate, and late release phases. Such a framework could allow polymer grade selection, solubility adjustment, and compression settings to be evaluated before tablet manufacture. Overall, this modelling strategy may reduce experimental burden, improve formulation efficiency, and support Quality-by-Design and real-time release testing. Its successful application would require transparent feature selection, mechanistically consistent curve prediction, and prospective experimental validation.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
                <kwd>Controlled-release tablets</kwd>
                <kwd>Dissolution prediction</kwd>
                <kwd>Polymer grade</kwd>
                <kwd>Drug solubility</kwd>
                <kwd>Compression force</kwd>
                <kwd>Weibull model</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>