The acid resistance of erythrocytes of laboratory rats was studied under isolated and complex exposure to lead, cadmium, and zinc ions. It was shown that when exposed to heavy metal ions, there is a shift in erythrograms, an increase in the proportion of low-resistant erythrocytes, and a reduction in hemolysis time. The most significant changes in erythrocyte membranes are observed with the chronic action of Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ ions, and a mixture of heavy metals. It was found that when Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions were exposed to laboratory rats for 30 days, the peak of erythrograms was 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 minutes, respectively. The proportion of erythrocytes subjected to hemolysis at the peaks of erythrograms was significant and about 3 times higher than the control at prolonged exposure to Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions and almost corresponds to the control (36.0%) when exposed to Cd2+ ions. The hemolysis time was significantly reduced: 2.5 minutes at Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions, and 4.5 minutes at Cd2+ ions. It should be noted that by the 30th day of the experiment, all rats that received water with heavy metals had died. Thus, the results obtained indicate significant qualitative changes in the composition of the erythrocyte population of rats exposed to chronic exposure to heavy metal salts.