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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pharmacophore</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmacophorejournal.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmacophore</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Pharmacophore</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2229-5402</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">pharmacophorejournal.com-6877</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/ckHNOFgliz</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Multimodal AI Copilot for Formulation Development Using Protocols, Excipient Data, and Dissolution Curves</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Al-Farsi</surname>
                <given-names>Mohammed</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Al-Harthy</surname>
                <given-names>Salim</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Al-Rawahi</surname>
                <given-names>Nasser</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>Department of Pharmaceutical AI Systems, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff2">
            <label>2</label>Department of Computational Drug Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, German University of Technology in Oman, Muscat, Oman.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>17</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>43</fpage>
      <lpage>52</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Pharmacophore
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Formulation development remains a knowledge-intensive activity in which scientific judgment is distributed across protocols, excipient knowledge, experimental records, and dissolution interpretation. AI assistance could help organize this complexity by connecting evidence sources that are normally reviewed separately. Formulators often move manually between protocol folders, spreadsheet-based excipient records, and dissolution analysis tools. This fragmented workflow can make it difficult to identify relevant precedents, compare similar formulations, and explain why a formulation failed to meet a release target. A multimodal AI copilot could ingest internal development protocols, excipient property databases, and dissolution curves to support natural-language formulation queries. Such a system would not replace the scientist but would help retrieve evidence, suggest formulation adjustments, and generate rationale for expert review. The proposed copilot includes a document-retrieval module for protocols and development reports, an excipient-property knowledge graph, a dissolution-curve encoder, a multimodal reasoning engine, and a conversational interface. Together, these modules would allow the system to connect text, structured formulation attributes, and release-profile behavior. By providing traceable, evidence-based responses, the copilot would be expected to reduce cognitive load during formulation design and troubleshooting. It could also help preserve institutional knowledge by turning historical development experience into searchable, reusable evidence. A formulation AI copilot could support a shift from experience-based trial-and-error toward data-driven, hypothesis-guided formulation development. Its value would depend on careful validation, human oversight, and integration into regulated pharmaceutical workflows.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
                <kwd>Multimodal AI</kwd>
                <kwd>Pharmaceutical formulation</kwd>
                <kwd>AI copilot</kwd>
                <kwd>Excipient databases</kwd>
                <kwd>Dissolution curves</kwd>
                <kwd>Retrieval-augmented generation</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>