Given that they are a group of small-chain DNA viruses, certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may either produce benign sickness or be found in human cancerous tumors.  Oncogenic risk strains - as evidenced by the literature - infect epithelial cells so they are detected in the skin and in the mucous membranes (genital, anal, oral and respiratory). The primary risk factor for the formation of many malignant tumors in humans is ongoing human papillomavirus infection, which can occur in many anatomical locations. The most studied are HPV16 and HPV18, because they have the highest carcinogenic activity, while onco-E6 and E7 participate in cell transformation and carcinogenesis induced by HPV, because they are essential factors for immortalization. The current literature is presented in this review which is a critical and comprehensive summary focusing on: the structure and organization of the HPV genome, the cycle of viral infection, focusing on the functional importance of the HPV oncoproteins, E6 and E7, which drive atypical cell proliferation, abnormal, diagnosing precancerous diseases, but also determining the condition, their prevention and the necessary therapy for this type of HPV infection.