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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pharmacophore</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmacophorejournal.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmacophore</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Pharmacophore</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2229-5402</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">pharmacophorejournal.com-6797</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/kt9W8sPoi3</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Dark Circles and Puffy Eyes &amp;ndash; The Use of Cucumber Slices, Chamomile Tea Bags, Witch Hazel, Arnica, and Students Survey</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Sun</surname>
                <given-names>Keran</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Mears</surname>
                <given-names>Alanna</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Hailemeskel</surname>
                <given-names>Bisrat</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington DC, USA.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                              E-mail: <email xlink:href="bhailemeskel@howard.edu">bhailemeskel@howard.edu</email>
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>15</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>41</fpage>
      <lpage>47</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Pharmacophore
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Dark circles and puffy eyes affect people of all ages due to factors like lifestyle choices, aging, medical conditions, and genetics. This study examines four herbal remedies—cucumber, chamomile tea bags, witch hazel, and arnica for treating these concerns and evaluates first-year pharmacy students&amp;#39; knowledge and opinions on these remedies. Despite the prevalence of products containing these ingredients, scientific literature supporting their efficacy, particularly for chamomile tea bags and arnica, is scarce. A survey with 5 knowledge-based and 5 opinion-based questions was conducted among 36 participants. Results showed a 75.4% correct answer rate for knowledge-based questions, with most participants (97.1%) acknowledging the variability in effectiveness and the importance of consulting healthcare professionals. However, opinion-based questions revealed a negative attitude towards herbal remedies, with over 77.1% disagreeing with their potential benefits, especially for cucumber and chamomile tea bags. Lower but still significant disagreement was observed for arnica (71.4%) and witch hazel (63.6%). These findings underscore the importance of educating participants about remedies for dark circles and puffy eyes, particularly for less understood remedies like witch hazel. Overall, participants were skeptical about natural remedies for dark circles, aligning with the need for evidence-based treatments in this area (as highlighted in the literature). Future research should prioritize proven treatments, while pharmacy curricula should adapt to the growing use of natural herbs, empowering pharmacists to guide patients responsibly.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>