Pharmacophore pharmacophorejournal.com Pharmacophore Pharmacophore 2229-5402 pharmacophorejournal.com-6838 10.51847/xSFzqq25OY Original research Hibiscus sabdariffa Leaf Extract Activates Molecular Gene Expressions of Insulin and GLP-I Receptor in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan 1 Famusiwa Courage Dele 1 Ojelabi Adetutu Omolola 1 Akinola Waliu Olalekan 1 Adeyemi Elijah Toluwase 1 Adejumo Adedeji A. 2 Owolabi Olutunmise Victoria 3 Jeje Temitope Olawale 4 Bamisaye Fisayo Abraham 5 Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel 6 7 8 Vitalini Sara 9 Iriti Marcello 9 Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria. Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria. Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Biochemical Immunology and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria. Phytomedicine, Functional Food Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria. Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy. Address for correspondence: Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan. E-mail: marcello.iriti@unimi.it 28 10 2024 15 5 15 26 Copyright: © 2026 Pharmacophore 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. A<sc>BSTRACT</sc>

This work investigated the therapeutic effects of flavonoid-rich extracts obtained from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Their biochemical parameters such as redox stress biomarkers, anti-inflammatory levels, pancreatic histology, insulin concentration, lipase activity, purinergic enzyme activities, homeostasis model assessment of β-cells (HOMA-β), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed. Furthermore, the relative gene expressions of insulin receptors and GLP-1 were examined. H. sabdariffa extracts significantly (p

 Hibiscus sabdariffa Asteraceae ATPase GLP-1 Molecular mechanism Diabetes