<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with MathML3 v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-archivearticle1-3-mathml3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en" article-type="research-article">
  <?DTDIdentifier.IdentifierValue -//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN?>
  <?DTDIdentifier.IdentifierType public?>
  <?SourceDTD.DTDName JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd?>
  <?SourceDTD.Version 1.2?>
  <?ConverterInfo.XSLTName jats2jats3.xsl?>
  <?ConverterInfo.Version 1?>
  <?properties open_access?>
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pharmacophore</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmacophorejournal.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmacophore</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Pharmacophore</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2229-5402</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">pharmacophorejournal.com-6786</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/y8iqIdTHhl</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Influence of Vitamins and Antioxidants in Oral Carcinogenesis &amp;ndash; A Review</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Bei</surname>
                <given-names>Mariana Florica</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Domocoș</surname>
                <given-names>Daniela</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Szilagyi</surname>
                <given-names>Gheorghe</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Varga</surname>
                <given-names>Daniela Margareta</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Pogan</surname>
                <given-names>Mihaela Dana</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff2">
            <label>2</label>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>14</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>39</fpage>
      <lpage>45</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Pharmacophore
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Frequent forms of malignancy localized to the oral cavity are considered a major health problem, especially in developing countries. Research on the experimental oral carcinogenesis inhibition using topical beta-carotene has led to the observation that beta-carotene significantly inhibits the formation of DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz anthracene) and hamster squamous cell carcinoma-induced oral pouch when used topically daily. In another study, 13-CIS-retinoic acid was used in the oral leukoplakia treatment where the efficacy of vitamin A in the oral leukoplakia treatment was highlighted. The efficacy of a mixture of ascorbic acid, glutathione, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene has shown that α-tocopherol and β-carotene can act synergistically to inhibit the growth of oral cancer. Analyzing the delay in oral cancer development using topical vitamin E demonstrated a significant delay in tumor formation compared to the animals from the control group. Extensive research has been conducted in experimental animals to indicate the anticancer activity of tocopherol, carotenoids, and retinoids on oral precancerous leukoplakia and oral cancer. The anticancer attributes of these micronutrients have been investigated in experiments on carcinogenesis inhibition, the prevention of oral cancer development, and oral carcinoma regression. Synergism has been shown in the anticancer activity of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene. Synergism has been shown between anticancer alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and beta-carotene. In conclusion, antioxidant micronutrients such as beta-carotene are oral carcinogenesis inhibitors; vitamin E and beta-carotene can induce oral leukoplakia clinical regression, a premalignant lesion of oral cancer.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
                <kwd>Vitamins</kwd>
                <kwd>Antioxidants</kwd>
                <kwd>Micronutrients</kwd>
                <kwd>Ibuprofen</kwd>
                <kwd>Oral carcinogenesis</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>