This research is a descriptive-correlational study which has been conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between social-emotional functioning and resilience in patients with leukemia. The statistical population comprised all the patients suffering from leukemia in Neyshabour. The statistical sample included all the leukemia patients with a treatment file in the chemotherapy center of 22 Bahman Hospital in Neyshabour during March to May (Farvardin to Khordad) of 2016, who were selected through full enumeration. In this study, Siberia Schering Social-Emotional Functioning Questionnaire (1995) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) were applied for data collection. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient test and multivariate regression were employed. The obtained results revealed that social-emotional functioning is a predictor of resilience in leukemia patients. Additionally, the findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between social-emotional functioning and resilience in patients with leukemia.