Background: Operating room technologists’ knowledge of professional rules and standards causes their good judgment and proper performance, which results in meeting the needs of patients and removing the potential risks and claims. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 143 operating room technologists working in nine hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences based on census sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha as well as apparent and contextual validity. Data analysis was done using SPSS software Version 19, and descriptive statistic indices, chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation were determined. Results: The results showed good awareness of 58.7% of participants in terms of safety. With respect to patient’s rights, 41.3% of participants enjoyed good awareness. 37.1 and 37.8% of participants had a good and average awareness of professional job description, respectively; however, 69.9% of participants had poor awareness of legal rights. Conclusion: Considering the complexity of work system in the operation room and increasing legal proceedings involving operation room staff, training the medical staff and raising their awareness on different aspects of professional rules and standards, especially judicial laws, can maximize the efficiency and quality of healthcare services and reduce litigations and complaints from technologists.