Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and Pharmacological assessment of Morinda tinctoria as anti-ulcerogenic potential Download PDF

Introduction- The aerial part of M. tinctoria has many therapeutic implications in traditional Indian medicine. M. tinctoria has antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, wound healing properties. Aim and Objectives- The study aimed to determine the ulcerogenic potential of the hydro-alcoholic extract by pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and pharmacological assessment. Material and Methods- The preparation of M. tinctoria extract was done with hydro-alcoholic using a vacuum rotary evaporator. Acute-oral toxicity (14 days) and sub-acute oral toxicity (28 days) were performed according to the OECD guidelines. The study was carried out by pylorus ligation, swimming-stress, aspirin-induced ulcer models in Wistar rats. Results- The pharmacognostic analysis was performed according to the I.P. and the total ash was 4.73%, acid-insoluble ash was 0.66%, water-soluble ash was 2.16%, foreign organic matter was 1.80%, loss on drying was 10.34%, alcohol soluble extractive was 56.59%, water-soluble extractive was 7.12%, and ether soluble extractive was 13.76%. A preliminary phytochemical test showed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids in the hydro-alcoholic extract. Acute-oral toxicity (14 days) and sub-acute oral toxicity (28 days) did not show any effect on body weight and organ weight, and it was non-toxic. In the Pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer model, 400mg/kg MTE was significant as compared to standard and revealed Ulcer Index of 5.48±0.01, whereas, MTE at a dose of 400mg/kg displayed 4.92±0.02. In Swimming Stress-induced gastric ulcer model, MTE extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg reported Ulcer Index of 0.58±0.00 and a significantly decreased incidence of ulcers. In Aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats, taken orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg, MTE reported Ulcer Index of 3.47±0.01 and no hyperplasia and inflammation were observed. Significant lessening in the ulcer index at a dose of 400 mg/kg was observed in comparison to the standard. MTE greatly decreased ATP hydrolysis by goat gastric ATPase with IC50 by 35 μg/mL. As a positive control, Omeprazole (10-50μg / mL) was utilized to decrease the activity of H⁺-K⁺ ATPase with IC50= 29 μg/mL. Conclusion- M. tinctoria extract (MTE) effectively prevents the gastric mucosa from the threat of ulcers caused by pylorus ligation, swimming-stress, and aspirin-induced ulcers.